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Serum dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid level is inversely associated with the risk of depression. A 21-year follow-up study in general population men

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Date
2017
Author(s)
Yary T
Tolmunen T
Lehto SM
Tuomainen T-P
Nurmi T
Kauhanen J
Voutilainen S
Ruusunen A
Unique identifier
10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.022
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Citation
Yary T. Tolmunen T. Lehto SM. Tuomainen T-P. Nurmi T. Kauhanen J. Voutilainen S. Ruusunen A. (2017). Serum dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid level is inversely associated with the risk of depression. A 21-year follow-up study in general population men.  JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (AMSTERDAM), 213, 151-155. 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.022.
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© Elsevier B.V
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CC BY-NC-ND https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Abstract

Background
Depression is a major public health challenge worldwide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs, have been found to inversely associate with the risk of depression. However, only few cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), an n-6 PUFA with anti-inflammatory effects, and depression. The aims of the present study were to examine an association between serum DGLA and the risk of depression, and to study whether the potential association is mediated via inflammation.

Methods
A 20-year prospective Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) follow-up study was conducted from 1984 to 1989 with 2179 middle-aged and older Finnish men (42–60 years old at baseline). The baseline concentrations of serum fatty acids, including DGLA, were determined. A hospital discharge diagnosis of depression was used as the main outcome and obtained from linkage to National Hospital Discharge Register. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured to assess inflammation.

Results
An inverse association between serum DGLA concentration and incidence of depression was found after adjustment for several potential confounders (Hazard ratio HR 0.53, CI 0.36–0.79, P=0.002). The association between DGLA and depression was not dependent on inflammation (P-interaction=0.618).

Limitations
Our findings may not be generalizable to individuals below middle-age or women. Moreover, we were unable to consider cases with mild depression in the longitudinal setting.

Conclusions
Higher serum DGLA concentrations may predict lower risk of develop depression in elderly men. Further studies are warranted to address potential mechanisms as mechanism behind this association remains unclear.

Subjects
Depression   Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid   DGLA   Fatty acids   Prospective study   
URI
https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/4242
Link to the original item
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.022
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