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Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia

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published version
Date
2018
Author(s)
Stepnicki, Piotr
Kondej, Magda
Kaczor, Agnieszka A
Unique identifier
10.3390/molecules23082087
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Self-archived article

Citation
Stepnicki, Piotr. Kondej, Magda. Kaczor, Agnieszka A. (2018). Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia.  Molecules, 23 (8) , 2087. 10.3390/molecules23082087.
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CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness which involves three groups of symptoms, i.e., positive, negative and cognitive, and has major public health implications. According to various sources, it affects up to 1% of the population. The pathomechanism of schizophrenia is not fully understood and current antipsychotics are characterized by severe limitations. Firstly, these treatments are efficient for about half of patients only. Secondly, they ameliorate mainly positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and thought disorders which are the core of the disease) but negative (e.g., flat affect and social withdrawal) and cognitive (e.g., learning and attention disorders) symptoms remain untreated. Thirdly, they involve severe neurological and metabolic side effects and may lead to sexual dysfunction or agranulocytosis (clozapine). It is generally agreed that the interactions of antipsychotics with various neurotransmitter receptors are responsible for their effects to treat schizophrenia symptoms. In particular, several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mainly dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline receptors, are traditional molecular targets for antipsychotics. Comprehensive research on GPCRs resulted in the exploration of novel important signaling mechanisms of GPCRs which are crucial for drug discovery: intentionally non-selective multi-target compounds, allosteric modulators, functionally selective compounds and receptor oligomerization. In this review, we cover current hypotheses of schizophrenia, involving different neurotransmitter systems, discuss available treatments and present novel concepts in schizophrenia and its treatment, involving mainly novel mechanisms of GPCRs signaling.

Subjects
antipsychotics   dopamine   drug design   drug targets   schizophrenia   
URI
https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/6947
Link to the original item
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082087
Publisher
MDPI AG
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  • Terveystieteiden tiedekunta [1324]
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