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Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype

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Item embargoed until 2020-01-08. Restrictions imposed by the publisher
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Date
2019
Author
Lankinen, MA
Fauland, A
Shimizu, BI
Ågren, J
Wheelock, CE
Laakso, M
Schwab, U
Pihlajamäki, J
Unique identifier
10.1093/ajcn/nqy287
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Citation
Lankinen, MA. Fauland, A. Shimizu, BI. Ågren, J. Wheelock, CE. Laakso, M. Schwab, U. Pihlajamäki, J. (2019). Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype.  American journal of clinical nutrition, 109 (1) , 165-175. 10.1093/ajcn/nqy287.
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© American Society for Nutrition
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Abstract

Background
The health benefits of substituting dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids are well known. However, limited information exists on how the response to dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n–6) is modified by polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster.

Objectives
The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the FADS1 rs174550 genotype modifies the effect of dietary LA intake on the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, fasting glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Methods
Associations were investigated between genotype, plasma PUFAs, fasting glucose, and hsCRP concentrations in the cross-sectional, population-based Metabolic Syndrome in Men cohort (n = 1337). In addition, 62 healthy men from the cohort who were homozygotes for the TT or CC genotype of the FADS1 rs174550 were recruited to a 4-wk intervention (FADSDIET) with an LA-enriched diet. The fatty acid composition of plasma PUFAs and concentrations of plasma fasting glucose, serum hsCRP, and plasma lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related analogs) were measured at the beginning and end of the 4-wk intervention period.

Results
In the FADSDIET trial, the plasma LA proportion increased in both genotype groups in response to an LA-enriched diet. Responses in concentrations of serum hsCRP and plasma fasting glucose and the proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4n–6) in plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters differed between genotype groups (interaction of diet × genotype, P < 0.05). In TT homozygous subjects, plasma eicosanoid concentrations correlated with the arachidonic acid proportion in plasma and with hsCRP (r = 0.4–0.7, P < 0.05), whereas in the CC genotype there were no correlations.

Conclusions
Our findings show that the FADS1 genotype modifies metabolic responses to dietary LA. The emerging concept that personalized dietary counseling should be modified by the FADS1 genotype needs to be tested in larger randomized trials. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02543216.

Subjects
human   diet   dietary intervention   FADS1   fatty acid   linoleic acid   genotype   lipid   oxylipin   gene-diet interaction   
URI
https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/7498
Link to the original item
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy287
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
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