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Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease before and after universal Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccinations were discontinued

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Article (611.0Kb)
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Date
2019
Author(s)
Pasma, Hanna
Honkila, Minna
Pokka, Tytti
Renko, Marjo
Salo, Eeva
Tapiainen, Terhi
Unique identifier
10.1111/apa.15012
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Self-archived article

Citation
Pasma, Hanna. Honkila, Minna. Pokka, Tytti. Renko, Marjo. Salo, Eeva. Tapiainen, Terhi. (2019). Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease before and after universal Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccinations were discontinued.  Acta paediatrica, [Epub ahead of print 3 Oct 2019], 10.1111/apa.15012.
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Abstract

Aim
Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine (BCG) has been suggested to induce the primary immunity needed for the subsequent Kawasaki disease (KD). We studied the epidemiology of KD before and after the universal BCG vaccination ended in Finland in September 2006.

Methods
Kawasaki disease cases were retrieved from national health registries from 1996 to 2016 for annual incidence rates. We then compared 612 433 children born in the BCG vaccination era, from 1 January 1996 to 30 August 2006, to 604 163 born after BCG era, from 1 September 2006 to 31 December 2016.

Results
The annual incidence rates did not change after the BCG vaccination stopped. We found 370 first visits for KD by children born in the BCG era and 341 after universal BCG vaccination ended. The mean age at diagnosis increased from 2.6 years to 3.0 years (95% CI−0.64 to −0.012, P = .04) and the proportion of children with Kawasaki disease under 5 years decreased from 87% to 81% (95% CI 1%‐12%, P = .02).

Conclusion
Discontinuing the universal BCG vaccination programme did not change the incidence rates of KD. The increased age at diagnosis could suggest that the pathogenesis of KD may be associated with the immunological pathways primed by BCG immunisation.

Subjects
aetiology   Bacille Calmette‐Guérin vaccine   epidemiology   immunisation   Kawasaki disease   
URI
https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/7823
Link to the original item
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.15012
Publisher
Wiley
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  • Terveystieteiden tiedekunta [1324]
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