dc.contributor.author | Laukkanen, JA | |
dc.contributor.author | Kunutsor, SK | |
dc.contributor.author | Ozemek, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Mäkikallio, T | |
dc.contributor.author | Lee, DC | |
dc.contributor.author | Wisloff, U | |
dc.contributor.author | Lavie, CJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-06-15T10:44:02Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-06-15T10:44:02Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/8187 | |
dc.description.abstract | A large body of evidence demonstrates positive, graded effects of PA on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality with increasing intensity compared with lower PA intensity. Running is often designated as a high-intensity PA with substantial evidence supporting its health benefits. Cross-country skiing is among the most demanding aerobic endurance exercises and requires engaging the upper- and lower-body. Cross-country skiing is often regarded as high-intensity PA, which has been associated with significant health benefits. However, a robust body of evidence identifying the dose-response relation between cross-country skiing volume and health outcomes is sparse. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the available evidence linking cross-country skiing with CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality; postulated pathways that may elucidate the relation between these associations; outline areas of ongoing uncertainty; and the implications for primary and secondary CVD prevention. To put the findings into perspective, we also summarized the evidence linking running with CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality. Though a head-to-head comparison is not available, the evidence indicates that performing PA as cross-country skiing associates with lower mortality risk when compared with that observed in those undertaking their PA as running. Potential adverse effects of extreme high weekly doses of cross-country skiing over decades may be cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. Evidence suggests that cross-country skiing may reduce the risk of CVD events and all-cause mortality via anti-inflammatory pathways, improvements in endothelial function and reduced levels of CVD risk factors, such as lipids, glucose, and blood pressure; and enhancement of cardiorespiratory fitness. | |
dc.language.iso | englanti | |
dc.publisher | Elsevier BV | |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Progress in cardiovascular diseases | |
dc.relation.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2019.09.001 | |
dc.rights | CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | |
dc.subject | physical activity | |
dc.subject | high-intensity physical activity | |
dc.subject | exercise | |
dc.subject | skiing | |
dc.subject | running | |
dc.subject | cardiovascular disease | |
dc.title | Cross-country skiing and running's association with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: A review of the evidence | |
dc.description.version | final draft | |
dc.contributor.department | School of Medicine / Public Health | |
uef.solecris.id | 65145831 | en |
dc.type.publication | Tieteelliset aikakauslehtiartikkelit | |
dc.relation.doi | 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.09.001 | |
dc.description.reviewstatus | peerReviewed | |
dc.format.pagerange | 505-514 | |
dc.relation.issn | 0033-0620 | |
dc.relation.issue | 6 | |
dc.relation.volume | 2019; 62 | |
dc.rights.accesslevel | openAccess | |
dc.type.okm | A2 | |
uef.solecris.openaccess | Ei | |
dc.rights.copyright | © 2019 Elsevier Inc. | |
dc.type.displayType | article | en |
dc.type.displayType | artikkeli | fi |
dc.rights.url | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |