CAIDE dementia risk score, Alzheimer and cerebrovascular pathology: a population-based autopsy study

Abstract

Background CAIDE Dementia Risk Score is a tool for estimating dementia risk in the general population. Its longitudinal associations with Alzheimer or vascular neuropathology in the oldest old are not known.

Aim To explore the relationship between CAIDE Dementia Risk Score at baseline and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebral infarcts and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) after up to 10‐year follow‐up in the Vantaa 85 + population.

Methods Study population included 149 participants aged ≥85 years, without dementia at baseline, and with available clinical and autopsy data. Methenamine silver staining was used for β‐amyloid and modified Bielschowsky method for neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. Macroscopic infarcts were identified from cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum slices. Standardized methods were used to determine microscopic infarcts, CAA and α‐synuclein pathologies. The CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was calculated based on scores for age, sex, BMI, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and APOEε4 carrier status (range 0–18 points).

Results A CAIDE Dementia Risk Score above 11 points was associated with more cerebral infarctions up to 10 years later: OR (95% CI) was 2.10 (1.06–4.16). No associations were found with other neuropathologies.

Conclusion In a population of elderly aged ≥85 years, higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was associated with increased risk of cerebral infarcts